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Student loans: when you can’t pay, default, and what to ask
For anyone who can’t make a student loan payment, is in default, is having pay or a tax refund taken, co-signed a loan, or was offered “forgiveness” for a fee, and for the people helping them. This page passes on, by name and date, what USAGov and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) say: how to tell federal loans from private ones and find your servicer, asking for a lower payment, what a pause costs, what default can bring and the two ways out of it, private loans and co-signers, the forgiveness programs, the signs of a scam, and where to dispute or complain. It puts the questions you pick on one sheet, and prints a card to keep track.
Before anything else
- A loan in default is a record of years when the money was not there. It is not a measure of you. That sentence is ours.
- Call your servicer before you miss a payment, if you can. USAGov says: if you are struggling to repay your student loan, contact your loan servicer.
- You never have to pay for help. The CFPB says you NEVER have to pay someone else to contact your student loan servicer, and that your servicer will help you with your loans for free.
- Nobody needs your FSA ID. The CFPB says the Department of Education or your servicer will never ask for your FSA ID or password.
- Already in default on a federal loan? The CFPB’s 2024 page says there are two ways out if you can’t pay it off: rehabilitation and consolidation.
- The rules change. Some pages we read are from 2022 to 2024, and StudentAid.gov, the Education Department’s own site, would not load for our server. This page names no repayment plan. Ask your servicer what applies today, and get it in writing.
- If the weight turns into thoughts of suicide, call or text 988 at any hour. In danger right now? Call 911.
- This page saves nothing. There is nowhere on it to type a name, an account or a Social Security number. Your browser still keeps a history.
More help
- A collector is calling: When a debt collector calls.
- What your credit report shows: Your credit report: getting it free, reading it, and fixing mistakes.
- The month does not add up: When the money runs out and Money plan.
- Thinking about bankruptcy: Bankruptcy: what it is, what it costs, and where to start.
- An offer that feels off: Is this a scam?
- Someone used your name or your login: When someone is using your name.
- You lost your job: When you’ve lost your job.
- The legal side: When you need a lawyer and can’t pay.
- Keeping track: Paper trail, a log of every call, letter and visit.
- Before a hard phone call: Call script.
- Right now: Get help now.
- All our free tools.
This page and its wording were written with AI (Claude) for Scarlet Beast (our AI policy). No lawyer, loan servicer or financial professional has reviewed it. The facts were read on October 7, 2026 on each source’s own pages: USAGov’s “Get started repaying your federal student loan” and “Resolve student loan payment problems” (both last updated April 1, 2026); and seven Consumer Financial Protection Bureau pages (repaying federal loans, repaying private loans, tips for co-signers, tips for borrowers, forgiveness, the signs of a scam, and its key terms; last modified between August 2022 and December 2024, each date is on its card), plus its complaint page. We could not read StudentAid.gov: its pages did not load their text for our server, so nothing here is taken from it, and its links are addresses that USAGov and the CFPB link to. Left out on purpose, because the CFPB’s pages describe them as of 2023 and 2024 and we could not check them today: the name of every repayment plan, the years to forgiveness on an income-driven plan, a one-time adjustment, and two temporary programs. Also left out: any statistic, any servicer’s or lender’s name, how much pay can be garnished (we did not read it), and any Federal Student Aid phone number (none was on a page we could read). The CFPB’s pages disagree on when a private loan defaults (three missed payments on one, four on another); we print both. We read no law, regulation or loan contract, and we called no number. Everything marked “ours” is ours. It saves nothing: no cookies, no storage, and no analytics on this page.